sp_Blitz: drop pre-2016 support and modernize code (#3872)

- Add version gate before procedure creation (matching sp_BlitzCache
  pattern) to reject pre-2016 servers, with Azure SQL DB/MI bypass
- Replace ~27 IF OBJECT_ID/DROP TABLE patterns with DROP TABLE IF EXISTS
- Remove ~25 always-true version guards (@@Version NOT LIKE '%2005%',
  @ProductVersionMajor >= 10/11/12)
- Remove ~200 lines of dead pre-2016 code branches:
  - Pre-2012 #LogInfo temp table and DBCC LogInfo code path
  - Pre-2012 memory clerk paths (single_pages_kb + multi_pages_kb)
  - SQL 2005 procedure cache block (no query_hash/query_plan_hash)
  - CheckID 129 (corruption bugs for SQL 2012/2014 only)
  - CheckID 157 (security bugs for SQL 2008-2014 only)
  - Dead trace flag branches for @ProductVersionMajor <= 12
- Simplify CheckID 128 to only check versions 13+
- Rename #LogInfo2012 to #LogInfo
- Simplify remote login timeout default

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: BrentOzar