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title Visual Studio Code Notebooks (Python, R)
description Learn how to run Python and R scripts in a notebook in Visual Studio Code with SQL Server Machine Learning Services.
author VanMSFT
ms.author vanto
ms.date 12/12/2025
ms.service sql
ms.subservice machine-learning-services
ms.topic how-to
ms.custom
sfi-image-nochange
monikerRange >=sql-server-2017 || >=sql-server-linux-ver15

Run Python and R scripts in Visual Studio Code notebooks with SQL Server Machine Learning Services

[!INCLUDE SQL Server 2017 and later]

Learn how to run Python and R scripts in Visual Studio Code notebooks with SQL Server Machine Learning Services. Visual Studio Code is a cross-platform development tool.

Prerequisites

Create a SQL notebook

Important

Machine Learning Services runs as part of SQL Server. Therefore, you need to use a SQL kernel and not a Python kernel.

You can use Machine Learning Services in Visual Studio Code with a SQL notebook. To create a new notebook, follow these steps:

  1. Select File and New Notebook to create a new notebook. The notebook uses the SQL kernel by default.

  2. Select Attach To and Change Connection.

    :::image type="content" source="media/ads-attach-to-connection.png" alt-text="Screenshot of Visual Studio Code SQL Notebook change connection.":::

  3. Connect to an existing or new SQL Server. You can either:

    1. Choose an existing connection under Recent Connections or Saved Connections.

    2. Create a new connection under Connection Details. Fill out the connection details to your SQL Server and database.

    :::image type="content" source="media/ads-connection-details.png" alt-text="Screenshot of Visual Studio Code SQL Notebook connection details.":::

Run Python or R scripts

SQL Notebooks consist of code and text cells. Use code cells to run Python or R scripts through the stored procedure sp_execute_external_scripts. Use text cells to document your code in the notebook.

Run a Python script

Follow these steps to run a Python script:

  1. Select + Code to add a code cell.

    :::image type="content" source="media/ads-add-code.png" alt-text="Screenshot of Visual Studio Code SQL Notebooks add code block." lightbox="media/ads-add-code.png":::

  2. Enter the following script in the code cell:

    EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script
    @language = N'Python',
    @script = N'
            a = 1
            b = 2
            c = a/b
            d = a*b
            print(c, d)
            ';

  3. Select Run cell (the round black arrow) or press F5 to run the single cell.

    :::image type="content" source="media/ads-run-python.png" alt-text="Screenshot of Visual Studio Code SQL Notebooks run Python code." lightbox="media/ads-run-python.png":::

  4. The result appears under the code cell.

    :::image type="content" source="media/ads-run-python-output.png" alt-text="Screenshot of Visual Studio Code SQL Notebook Python code output." lightbox="media/ads-run-python-output.png":::

Run an R script

Follow these steps to run an R script:

  1. Select + Code to add a code cell.

    :::image type="content" source="media/ads-add-code.png" alt-text="Screenshot of Visual Studio Code SQL Notebooks add code block." lightbox="media/ads-add-code.png":::

  2. Enter the following script in the code cell:

    EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script
    @language = N'R',
    @script = N'
            a <- 1
            b <- 2
            c <- a/b
            d <- a*b
            print(c(c, d))
            ';

  3. Select Run cell (the round black arrow) or press F5 to run the single cell.

    :::image type="content" source="media/ads-run-r.png" alt-text="Screenshot of Visual Studio Code SQL Notebooks run R code." lightbox="media/ads-run-r.png":::

  4. The result appears under the code cell.

    :::image type="content" source="media/ads-run-r-output.png" alt-text="Screenshot of Visual Studio Code SQL Notebook R code output." lightbox="media/ads-run-r-output.png":::

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