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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/sql-server/what-is-sql-server.md
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description: An overview of the relational database engine and components of SQL Server
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author: rwestMSFT
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ms.author: randolphwest
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ms.date: 09/08/2025
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ms.date: 01/28/2026
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ms.service: sql
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ms.subservice: release-landing
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ms.topic: overview
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## Deployment options
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You can install [!INCLUDE [ssnoversion-md](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] on Windows or [Linux](../linux/sql-server-linux-overview.md), deploy it in [a Linux container](../linux/sql-server-linux-overview.md#container-images), or deploy it on an [Azure Virtual Machine](/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/sql-server-on-azure-vm-iaas-what-is-overview) or other virtual machine platform. You previously might have referred to this as the *boxed product*.
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You can install [!INCLUDE [ssnoversion-md](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] on Windows or [Linux](../linux/sql-server-linux-overview.md), deploy it in [a Linux container](../linux/sql-server-linux-overview.md#container-images), or deploy it on [Azure Virtual Machines](/azure/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/sql-server-on-azure-vm-iaas-what-is-overview) or other virtual machine platform. You previously might have referred to this as the *boxed product*.
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Supported versions of [!INCLUDE [ssnoversion-md](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] depend on your license agreement, but for the purposes of this documentation, we mean [!INCLUDE [sssql16-md](../includes/sssql16-md.md)] and later versions. Documentation for [!INCLUDE [sssql14-md](../includes/sssql14-md.md)] and previous versions is available at [Previous versions of SQL Server documentation](previous-versions-sql-server.md). To find out which versions of [!INCLUDE [ssnoversion-md](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] are currently supported, see [SQL Server end of support options](end-of-support/sql-server-end-of-support-overview.md).
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|**Database compatibility levels**| - [Compatibility certification](../database-engine/install-windows/compatibility-certification.md)<br />- [View or change the compatibility level of a database](../relational-databases/databases/view-or-change-the-compatibility-level-of-a-database.md)<br />- [ALTER DATABASE (Transact-SQL) compatibility level](../t-sql/statements/alter-database-transact-sql-compatibility-level.md)|
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|**Tables** and **views**| - [Tables](../relational-databases/tables/tables.md)<br />- [Views](../relational-databases/views/views.md)|
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|**Functions** and **stored procedures**| - [What are the SQL database functions?](../t-sql/functions/functions.md)<br />- [Stored procedures (Database Engine)](../relational-databases/stored-procedures/stored-procedures-database-engine.md)|
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|**Indexes**| - [Indexes](../relational-databases/indexes/indexes.md)<br />- [SQL Server and Azure SQL index architecture and design guide](../relational-databases/sql-server-index-design-guide.md)|
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|**Indexes**| - [Indexes](../relational-databases/indexes/indexes.md)<br />- [Index architecture and design guide](../relational-databases/sql-server-index-design-guide.md)|
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| Configure **cost threshold for parallelism**<br />and **maximum degree of parallelism**| - [Server configuration: cost threshold for parallelism](../database-engine/configure-windows/configure-the-cost-threshold-for-parallelism-server-configuration-option.md)<br />- [Server configuration: max degree of parallelism](../database-engine/configure-windows/configure-the-max-degree-of-parallelism-server-configuration-option.md)|
|**Back up** and **restore** databases | - [Back Up and Restore of SQL Server Databases](../relational-databases/backup-restore/back-up-and-restore-of-sql-server-databases.md)<br />- [Transaction log backups](../relational-databases/backup-restore/transaction-log-backups-sql-server.md)|
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|**Back up** and **restore** databases | - [Back up and restore of SQL Server databases](../relational-databases/backup-restore/back-up-and-restore-of-sql-server-databases.md)<br />- [Transaction log backups](../relational-databases/backup-restore/transaction-log-backups-sql-server.md)|
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|**Manage SQL Server services**| - [Manage the Database Engine services](../database-engine/configure-windows/manage-the-database-engine-services.md)<br />- [SQL Server Configuration Manager](../relational-databases/sql-server-configuration-manager.md)<br />- [Start, stop, pause, resume, and restart SQL Server services](../database-engine/configure-windows/start-stop-pause-resume-restart-sql-server-services.md)<br />- [Add Features to an Instance of SQL Server (Setup)](../database-engine/install-windows/add-features-to-an-instance-of-sql-server-setup.md)|
|**High availability** (HA) and **disaster recovery** (DR) | - [Business continuity and database recovery](../database-engine/sql-server-business-continuity-dr.md)<br />- [About log shipping](../database-engine/log-shipping/about-log-shipping-sql-server.md)<br />- [Failover Clustering and Always On Availability Groups](../database-engine/availability-groups/windows/failover-clustering-and-always-on-availability-groups-sql-server.md)<br />- [What is an Always On availability group?](../database-engine/availability-groups/windows/overview-of-always-on-availability-groups-sql-server.md)|
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/tools/sql-server-profiler/sql-server-profiler.md
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description: Explore the features of SQL Server Profiler. Get help troubleshooting problems by using this tool to create traces and analyze and replay trace results.
[!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)] is an interface to create and manage traces and analyze and replay trace results. Events are saved in a trace file that can later be analyzed or used to replay a specific series of steps when diagnosing a problem.
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[!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)] is an interface to create and manage traces and analyze and replay trace results. Events are saved in a trace file that you can later analyze or use to replay a specific series of steps when diagnosing a problem.
When you try to connect to an Azure SQL Database from the SQL Server Profiler, it incorrectly throws a misleading error message as follows:
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```output
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To run a trace against SQL Server, you must be a sysadmin fixed server role member or have the ALTER TRACE permission.
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To run a trace against SQL Server, you must be a **sysadmin** fixed server role member or have the ALTER TRACE permission.
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```
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The message should have explained that Azure SQL Database isn't supported by SQL Server profiler.
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## Where's the Profiler?
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You can start the Profiler within [Run SQL Server Profiler](start-sql-server-profiler.md) or with the [SQL Server Profiler extension (Preview)](/azure-data-studio/extensions/sql-server-profiler-extension).
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You can start the Profiler within [Run SQL Server Profiler](start-sql-server-profiler.md).
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## Capture and replay trace data
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The following table shows the features we recommend using in [!INCLUDE [ssnoversion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] to capture and replay your trace data.
|**Trace Capture**|[Extended Events overview](../../relational-databases/extended-events/extended-events.md) graphical user interface in SQL Server Management Studio |[!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)]|
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|**Trace Replay**|[SQL Server Distributed Replay overview](../distributed-replay/sql-server-distributed-replay.md)|[!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)]|
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## Use SQL Server Profiler
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Microsoft [!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)] is a graphical user interface to SQL Trace for monitoring an instance of the [!INCLUDE [ssDE](../../includes/ssde-md.md)] or Analysis Services. You can capture and save data about each event to a file or table to analyze later. For example, you can monitor a production environment to see which stored procedures affect performance by executing too slowly. [!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)] is used for activities such as:
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Microsoft [!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)] is a graphical user interface to SQL Trace for monitoring an instance of the [!INCLUDE [ssDE](../../includes/ssde-md.md)] or Analysis Services. You can capture and save data about each event to a file or table to analyze later. For example, you can monitor a production environment to see which stored procedures affect performance by executing too slowly. Use [!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)] for activities such as:
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- Stepping through problem queries to find the cause of the problem.
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### Event
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An event is an action generated within an instance of [!INCLUDE [ssDEnoversion](../../includes/ssdenoversion-md.md)]. Examples of these are:
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An event is an action generated within an instance of [!INCLUDE [ssDEnoversion](../../includes/ssdenoversion-md.md)]. Examples of these events include:
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- Login connections, failures, and disconnections.
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-[!INCLUDE [tsql](../../includes/tsql-md.md)]`SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, and `DELETE` statements.
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- An opened cursor.
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- Security permission checks.
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The trace displays all of the data generated by an event in a single row. This row is intersected by data columns that describe the event in detail.
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The trace displays all of the data generated by an event in a single row. Data columns that describe the event in detail intersect this row.
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### EventClass
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An event class is a type of event that can be traced. The event class contains all of the data that an event can report. The following are examples of event classes:
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An event class is a type of event that you can trace. The event class contains all of the data that an event can report. The following list shows examples of event classes:
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-**SQL:BatchCompleted**
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-**Audit Login**
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### EventCategory
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An event category defines the way events are grouped within [!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)]. For example, all lock event classes are grouped within the **Locks** event category. However, event categories only exist within [!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)]. This term doesn't reflect the way Engine events are grouped.
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An event category defines how [!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)] groups events. For example, the **Locks** event category groups all lock event classes. However, event categories exist only within [!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)]. This term doesn't reflect how Engine events are grouped.
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### DataColumn
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A data column is an attribute of an event class captured in the trace. Because the event class determines the type of data that can be collected, not all data columns apply to all event classes. For example, in a trace that captures the **Lock: Acquired** event class, the **BinaryData** data column contains the value of the locked page ID or row, but the **Integer Data** data column doesn't contain any value because it doesn't apply to the event class being captured.
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### Template
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A template defines the default configuration for a trace. Specifically, it includes the event classes you want to monitor with [!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)]. For example, you can create a template specifying the events, data columns, and filters. A template isn't executed but saved as a file with a .tdf extension. Once saved, the template controls the trace data captured when a trace based on the template is launched.
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A template defines the default configuration for a trace. Specifically, it includes the event classes you want to monitor with [!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)]. For example, you can create a template specifying the events, data columns, and filters. You can't execute a template directly. Instead, you save it as a file with a `.tdf` extension. Once saved, the template controls the trace data captured when a trace based on the template is launched.
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### Trace
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A trace captures data based on selected event classes, data columns, and filters. For example, you can create a trace to monitor exception errors. You select the **Exception** event class and the **Error**, **State**, and **Severity** data columns to do this. Data from these three columns must be collected for the trace results to provide meaningful data. You can then run a trace, configured in such a manner, and collect data on any **Exception** events in the server. Trace data can be saved or used immediately for analysis. Traces can be replayed later, although certain events, such as **Exception** events, are never replayed. You can also save the trace as a template to build similar traces.
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A trace captures data based on selected event classes, data columns, and filters. For example, you can create a trace to monitor exception errors. You select the **Exception** event class and the **Error**, **State**, and **Severity** data columns to do this. The trace results provide meaningful data only if data is collected from these three columns. You can run a trace configured in such a manner and collect data on any **Exception** events in the server. Save the trace data, or use it immediately for analysis. You can replay traces later, although certain events, such as **Exception** events, are never replayed. You can also save the trace as a template to build similar traces.
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[!INCLUDE [ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] provides two ways to trace an instance of [!INCLUDE [ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)]: you can trace with [!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)], or you can trace using system stored procedures.
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### Filter
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When you create a trace or template, you can define criteria to filter the data collected by the event. To keep traces from becoming too large, you can filter them so that only a subset of the event data is collected. For example, limiting the Microsoft Windows user names in the trace to specific users reduces the output data.
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When you create a trace or template, you can define criteria to filter the data that the event collects. To keep traces from becoming too large, filter them so that you collect only a subset of the event data. For example, limiting the Microsoft Windows user names in the trace to specific users reduces the output data.
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If a filter isn't set, the trace output returns all events of the selected event classes.
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If you don't set a filter, the trace output returns all events of the selected event classes.
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## SQL Server Profiler tasks
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| Describes how to save trace results to a table. |[Save trace results to a table (SQL Server Profiler)](save-trace-results-to-a-table-sql-server-profiler.md)|
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| Describes how to filter events in a trace. |[Filter events in a trace (SQL Server Profiler)](filter-events-in-a-trace-sql-server-profiler.md)|
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| Describes how to view filter information. |[View filter information (SQL Server Profiler)](view-filter-information-sql-server-profiler.md)|
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| Describes how to Modify a Filter. |[Modify a filter (SQL Server Profiler)](modify-a-filter-sql-server-profiler.md)|
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| Describes how to Set a Maximum File Size for a Trace File ([!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)]). |[Set a maximum file size for a trace file (SQL Server Profiler)](set-a-maximum-file-size-for-a-trace-file-sql-server-profiler.md). |
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| Describes how to modify a filter. |[Modify a filter (SQL Server Profiler)](modify-a-filter-sql-server-profiler.md)|
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| Describes how to set a maximum file size for a trace file ([!INCLUDE [ssSqlProfiler](../../includes/sssqlprofiler-md.md)]). |[Set a maximum file size for a trace file (SQL Server Profiler)](set-a-maximum-file-size-for-a-trace-file-sql-server-profiler.md). |
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| Describes how to set a maximum table size for a trace table. |[Set a maximum table size for a trace table (SQL Server Profiler)](set-a-maximum-table-size-for-a-trace-table-sql-server-profiler.md)|
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| Describes how to start a trace. |[Start a trace (SQL Server Profiler)](start-a-trace.md)|
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| Describes how to start a trace automatically after connecting to a server. |[Start a trace automatically after connecting to a server (SQL Server Profiler)](start-a-trace-automatically-after-connecting-to-a-server-sql-server-profiler.md)|
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