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azure-sql/includes/virtual-machines-best-practices-vm-size.md

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author: MashaMSFT
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ms.date: 06/16/2025
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ms.date: 01/23/2026
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---
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- Identify workload performance characteristics to determine the appropriate VM size for your business.
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- If you're migrating to Azure, use the [Azure SQL migration extension for Azure Data Studio](/azure/dms/migration-using-azure-data-studio) to find the right VM size for your existing SQL Server workload, and then migrate with [Azure Data Studio](/azure/dms/tutorial-sql-server-to-virtual-machine-online-ads).
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- If you're migrating to Azure, [assess migration readiness](/sql/sql-server/azure-arc/migration-assessment) to find the right VM size for your existing SQL Server workload, and then migrate with [Azure Database Migration Service](/azure/dms/dms-overview).
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- Use Azure Marketplace images to deploy your SQL Server VMs as the SQL Server settings and storage options are configured for optimal performance.
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- Use VM sizes with 4 or more vCPUs.
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- Use memory optimized virtual machine sizes for the best performance of SQL Server workloads.

azure-sql/managed-instance/managed-instance-link-best-practices.md

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azure-sql/managed-instance/managed-instance-link-feature-overview.md

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author: djordje-jeremic
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ms.date: 01/28/2026
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The link feature currently offers the following functionality:
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- **One-way replication from SQL Server versions 2016, 2017 and 2019**: Use the link feature to replicate data one way from SQL instance to Azure SQL Managed Instance. Although you can manually fail over to your managed instance if there's a disaster, doing so breaks the link, and failing back isn't supported.
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- **Disaster recovery (SQL Server 2022)**: Use the link feature to replicate data between SQL Server 2022 and SQL Managed Instance, manually fail over to your secondary during a disaster, and fail back to your primary after you mitigate the disaster. Either SQL Server or SQL Managed Instance can be the initial primary.
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- **Disaster recovery (SQL Server 2022 and SQL Server 2025)**: Use the link feature to replicate data between SQL Server 2022 or SQL Server 2025 and SQL Managed Instance, manually fail over to your secondary during a disaster, and fail back to your primary after you mitigate the disaster. Either SQL Server or SQL Managed Instance can be the initial primary.
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You can keep running the link for as long as you need it, for months and even years at a time. And for your modernization journey, if or when you're ready to migrate to Azure, the link enables a considerably improved migration experience. Migration through the link offers minimal downtime compared to all other available migrations options, providing a true online migration to your SQL Managed Instance.
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| Azure SQL Managed Instance | [Windows Server](/sql/sql-server/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-installing-sql-server-2022#operating-system-support) and [Linux](/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-setup#supported-platforms) for the secondary SQL Server instance replica | [Bi-directional](#disaster-recovery) | Configuring a link *from* Azure SQL Managed Instance to, and bidirectional failover with, is supported by: <br /> - SQL Server 2025 and SQL MI with the [**SQL Server 2025 update policy**](update-policy.md#sql-server-2025-update-policy) <br /> - SQL Server 2022 and SQL MI with the [**SQL Server 2022 update policy**](update-policy.md#sql-server-2022-update-policy) |
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| SQL Server 2025 (17.x) | [Windows Server](/sql/sql-server/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-installing-sql-server-2025#operating-system-support) and [Linux](/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-setup#supported-platforms) | [Bi-directional](#disaster-recovery)| [SQL Server 2025 RTM (17.0.1000.7)](/sql/sql-server/sql-server-2025-release-notes) |
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| SQL Server 2022 (16.x) | [Windows Server](/sql/sql-server/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-installing-sql-server-2022#operating-system-support) and [Linux](/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-setup#supported-platforms) | [Bi-directional](#disaster-recovery) | - [SQL Server 2022 RTM (16.0.1000.6)](/sql/sql-server/sql-server-2022-release-notes): Creating a link *from* SQL Server 2022 to SQL MI <br /> - [SQL Server 2022 CU10 (16.0.4095.4)](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2022/cumulativeupdate10): Creating a link *from* SQL MI to SQL Server 2022<sup>1</sup> <br /> - [SQL Server 2022 CU13 (16.0.4125.3)](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2022/cumulativeupdate13): Failing over the link using [Transact-SQL](managed-instance-link-failover-how-to.md?tabs=tsql#fail-over-a-database) |
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| SQL Server 2019 (15.x) | [Windows Server only](/sql/sql-server/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-installing-sql-server-2019) | From SQL Server to SQL MI only | [SQL Server 2019 CU20 (15.0.4312.2)](https://support.microsoft.com/topic/kb5024276-cumulative-update-20-for-sql-server-2019-4b282be9-b559-46ac-9b6a-badbd44785d2) |
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| SQL Server 2017 (14.x) | [Windows Server only](/sql/sql-server/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-installing-sql-server#operating-system-support-for-sql-server-2017) | From SQL Server to SQL MI only | [SQL Server 2017 CU31 (14.0.3456.2)](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2017/cumulativeupdate31) and the matching [SQL Server 2017 Azure Connect pack (14.0.3490.10)](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2017/azureconnect) |
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| SQL Server 2019 (15.x) | [Windows Server](/sql/sql-server/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-installing-sql-server-2019#operating-system-support) and [Linux](/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-setup#supported-platforms) | From SQL Server to SQL MI only | [SQL Server 2019 CU20 (15.0.4312.2)](https://support.microsoft.com/topic/kb5024276-cumulative-update-20-for-sql-server-2019-4b282be9-b559-46ac-9b6a-badbd44785d2) |
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| SQL Server 2017 (14.x) | [Windows Server](/sql/sql-server/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-installing-sql-server#operating-system-support-for-sql-server-2017) and [Linux](/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-setup#supported-platforms) | From SQL Server to SQL MI only | [SQL Server 2017 CU31 (14.0.3456.2)](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2017/cumulativeupdate31) and the matching [SQL Server 2017 Azure Connect pack (14.0.3490.10)](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2017/azureconnect) |
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| SQL Server 2016 (13.x) | [Windows Server only](/sql/sql-server/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-installing-sql-server#operating-system-support-for-sql-server-2017) | From SQL Server to SQL MI only| [SQL Server 2016 SP3 (13.0.6300.2)](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2016/build-versions#sql-server-2016-service-pack-3-sp3-cumulative-update-cu-builds) and the matching [SQL Server 2016 Azure Connect pack (13.0.7000.253)](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2016/build-versions#sql-server-2016-service-pack-3-sp3-azure-connect-pack-builds) |
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| SQL Server 2014 (12.x) and earlier | N/A | N/A | Versions before SQL Server 2016 aren't supported.|
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azure-sql/managed-instance/managed-instance-link-troubleshoot-how-to.md

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### [Transact-SQL (T-SQL)](#tab/tsql)
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Use T-SQL to determine the state of the link during the seeding phase, or after data synchronization begins.
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Use T-SQL to determine the state of the link during the seeding phase, or after data synchronization begins. The [sys.dm_hadr_physical_seeding_stats](/sql/relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-hadr-physical-seeding-stats) DMV can be used to track the initial seeding status. The `estimate_time_complete_utc` column is based on the current `transfer_rate_bytes_per_second` and uncompressed remaining data size (when `is_compression_enabled` = 0). For Managed Instance link, data compression is used, so `estimate_time_complete_utc` is expected to be an overestimate.
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Use the following T-SQL query to determine the status of the link during the seeding phase on the SQL Server or SQL Managed Instance that hosts the database seeded through the link:
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To resolve this issue, you must [drop](managed-instance-link-configure-how-to-ssms.md#drop-a-link) and recreate the link.
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## Inconsistent state after forced failover
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Following a forced [failover](managed-instance-link-failover-how-to.md), you might encounter a split-brain scenario where both replicas are in the primary role, leaving the link in an inconsistent state. This can happen if you fail over to the secondary replica during a disaster, and then the primary replica comes back online.
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[!INCLUDE [azure-sql-managed-instance-link-check-network](../includes/sql-managed-instance/azure-sql-managed-instance-link-check-network.md)]
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## Related content
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For more information on the link feature, review the following resources:

docs/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/contained-availability-groups-overview.md

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**Applies to**: [!INCLUDE [sssql25-md](../../../includes/sssql25-md.md)] CU 1 and later versions.
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[!INCLUDE [sql-server-2025-cu-1-removed](../../../linux/includes/sql-server-2025-cu-1-removed.md)]
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In [!INCLUDE [sssql25-md](../../../includes/sssql25-md.md)] Cumulative Update (CU) 1, you can enable database creation and restoration directly within a contained availability group session, through the contained AG listener. This enhancement streamlines workflows for users assigned the appropriate roles, allowing seamless operations within contained AG environments.
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Only users with the **dbcreator** role can create databases in a contained AG session. Only users with the **db_owner** or **sysadmin** role can restore databases.
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[!INCLUDE [Applies to](../../includes/applies-md.md)] [!INCLUDE [SQL Server 2022](_ss2022.md)] and later versions on Linux
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Azure SQL Managed Instance<sup>[2025](/azure/azure-sql/managed-instance/update-policy#sql-server-2025-update-policy)</sup>
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docs/linux/includes/editions-sql-server-2025-later-versions.md

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| --- | --- |
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| `Evaluation` | SQL Server Evaluation edition |
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| `Express` | SQL Server Express edition |
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| `StandardDeveloper` | SQL Server Standard Developer edition |
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| `Standard` | SQL Server Standard edition |
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| `EnterpriseDeveloper` | SQL Server Enterprise Developer edition |
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| `Enterprise` | This legacy option represents Enterprise edition Server + Client Access License (CAL) based licensing, and is limited to a maximum of 20 cores per SQL Server instance. `Enterprise` isn't available for new agreements. You should choose `EnterpriseCore` when you wish to deploy Enterprise edition. |
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| `EnterpriseCore` | SQL Server Enterprise Core edition. `EnterpriseCore` represents the core-based server licensing model with no core limits. For more information, see [Compute capacity limits by edition of SQL Server](../../sql-server/compute-capacity-limits-by-edition-of-sql-server.md). |
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| `A product key` | If you specify a product key, it must be in the form of `#####-#####-#####-#####-#####`, where `#` is a number or a letter. |

docs/linux/includes/editions-sql-server-developer.md

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