MSSQL: Add support for OUTPUT clause on INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE

guan404ming · guan404ming · commit d1cbf67d68f5 · 2026-02-27T12:58:56.000+08:00
Signed-off-by: Guan-Ming Chiu &lt;guanmingchiu@gmail.com&gt;
diff --git a/src/ast/dml.rs b/src/ast/dml.rs
@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ pub struct Insert {
     pub on: Option<OnInsert>,
     /// RETURNING
     pub returning: Option<Vec<SelectItem>>,
+    /// OUTPUT (MSSQL)
+    pub output: Option<OutputClause>,
     /// Only for mysql
     pub replace_into: bool,
     /// Only for mysql
@@ -203,6 +205,11 @@ impl Display for Insert {
             SpaceOrNewline.fmt(f)?;
         }
 
+        if let Some(output) = &self.output {
+            write!(f, "{output}")?;
+            SpaceOrNewline.fmt(f)?;
+        }
+
         if let Some(settings) = &self.settings {
             write!(f, "SETTINGS {}", display_comma_separated(settings))?;
             SpaceOrNewline.fmt(f)?;
@@ -289,6 +296,8 @@ pub struct Delete {
     pub selection: Option<Expr>,
     /// RETURNING
     pub returning: Option<Vec<SelectItem>>,
+    /// OUTPUT (MSSQL)
+    pub output: Option<OutputClause>,
     /// ORDER BY (MySQL)
     pub order_by: Vec<OrderByExpr>,
     /// LIMIT (MySQL)
@@ -314,6 +323,10 @@ impl Display for Delete {
                 indented_list(f, from)?;
             }
         }
+        if let Some(output) = &self.output {
+            SpaceOrNewline.fmt(f)?;
+            write!(f, "{output}")?;
+        }
         if let Some(using) = &self.using {
             SpaceOrNewline.fmt(f)?;
             f.write_str("USING")?;
@@ -367,6 +380,8 @@ pub struct Update {
     pub selection: Option<Expr>,
     /// RETURNING
     pub returning: Option<Vec<SelectItem>>,
+    /// OUTPUT (MSSQL)
+    pub output: Option<OutputClause>,
     /// SQLite-specific conflict resolution clause
     pub or: Option<SqliteOnConflict>,
     /// LIMIT
@@ -396,6 +411,10 @@ impl Display for Update {
             f.write_str("SET")?;
             indented_list(f, &self.assignments)?;
         }
+        if let Some(output) = &self.output {
+            SpaceOrNewline.fmt(f)?;
+            write!(f, "{output}")?;
+        }
         if let Some(UpdateTableFromKind::AfterSet(from)) = &self.from {
             SpaceOrNewline.fmt(f)?;
             f.write_str("FROM")?;
@@ -717,11 +736,11 @@ impl Display for MergeUpdateExpr {
     }
 }
 
-/// A `OUTPUT` Clause in the end of a `MERGE` Statement
+/// An `OUTPUT` clause on `MERGE`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, or `DELETE` (MSSQL).
 ///
 /// Example:
 /// OUTPUT $action, deleted.* INTO dbo.temp_products;
-/// [mssql](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/output-clause-transact-sql)
+/// <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/output-clause-transact-sql>
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
diff --git a/src/ast/spans.rs b/src/ast/spans.rs
@@ -906,6 +906,7 @@ impl Spanned for Delete {
             using,
             selection,
             returning,
+            output,
             order_by,
             limit,
         } = self;
@@ -923,6 +924,7 @@ impl Spanned for Delete {
                     )
                     .chain(selection.iter().map(|i| i.span()))
                     .chain(returning.iter().flat_map(|i| i.iter().map(|k| k.span())))
+                    .chain(output.iter().map(|i| i.span()))
                     .chain(order_by.iter().map(|i| i.span()))
                     .chain(limit.iter().map(|i| i.span())),
             ),
@@ -940,6 +942,7 @@ impl Spanned for Update {
             from,
             selection,
             returning,
+            output,
             or: _,
             limit,
         } = self;
@@ -951,6 +954,7 @@ impl Spanned for Update {
                 .chain(from.iter().map(|i| i.span()))
                 .chain(selection.iter().map(|i| i.span()))
                 .chain(returning.iter().flat_map(|i| i.iter().map(|k| k.span())))
+                .chain(output.iter().map(|i| i.span()))
                 .chain(limit.iter().map(|i| i.span())),
         )
     }
@@ -1312,6 +1316,7 @@ impl Spanned for Insert {
             has_table_keyword: _, // bool
             on,
             returning,
+            output,
             replace_into: _, // bool
             priority: _,     // todo, mysql specific
             insert_alias: _, // todo, mysql specific
@@ -1334,7 +1339,8 @@ impl Spanned for Insert {
                 .chain(partitioned.iter().flat_map(|i| i.iter().map(|k| k.span())))
                 .chain(after_columns.iter().map(|i| i.span))
                 .chain(on.as_ref().map(|i| i.span()))
-                .chain(returning.iter().flat_map(|i| i.iter().map(|k| k.span()))),
+                .chain(returning.iter().flat_map(|i| i.iter().map(|k| k.span())))
+                .chain(output.iter().map(|i| i.span())),
         )
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/dialect/snowflake.rs b/src/dialect/snowflake.rs
@@ -1780,6 +1780,7 @@ fn parse_multi_table_insert(
         has_table_keyword: false,
         on: None,
         returning: None,
+        output: None,
         replace_into: false,
         priority: None,
         insert_alias: None,
diff --git a/src/keywords.rs b/src/keywords.rs
@@ -1210,6 +1210,7 @@ pub const RESERVED_FOR_TABLE_ALIAS: &[Keyword] = &[
     Keyword::ANTI,
     Keyword::SEMI,
     Keyword::RETURNING,
+    Keyword::OUTPUT,
     Keyword::ASOF,
     Keyword::MATCH_CONDITION,
     // for MSSQL-specific OUTER APPLY (seems reserved in most dialects)
@@ -1264,6 +1265,7 @@ pub const RESERVED_FOR_COLUMN_ALIAS: &[Keyword] = &[
     Keyword::CLUSTER,
     Keyword::DISTRIBUTE,
     Keyword::RETURNING,
+    Keyword::VALUES,
     // Reserved only as a column alias in the `SELECT` clause
     Keyword::FROM,
     Keyword::INTO,
diff --git a/src/parser/merge.rs b/src/parser/merge.rs
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ impl Parser<'_> {
         self.parse_parenthesized_qualified_column_list(IsOptional::Optional, allow_empty)
     }
 
-    fn parse_output(
+    pub(super) fn parse_output(
         &mut self,
         start_keyword: Keyword,
         start_token: TokenWithSpan,
diff --git a/src/parser/mod.rs b/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -13289,6 +13289,15 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         };
 
         let from = self.parse_comma_separated(Parser::parse_table_and_joins)?;
+
+        // MSSQL OUTPUT clause appears after FROM table, before USING/WHERE
+        // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/output-clause-transact-sql
+        let output = if self.parse_keyword(Keyword::OUTPUT) {
+            Some(self.parse_output(Keyword::OUTPUT, self.get_current_token().clone())?)
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
         let using = if self.parse_keyword(Keyword::USING) {
             Some(self.parse_comma_separated(Parser::parse_table_and_joins)?)
         } else {
@@ -13327,6 +13336,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             using,
             selection,
             returning,
+            output,
             order_by,
             limit,
         }))
@@ -17255,10 +17265,10 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
             let is_mysql = dialect_of!(self is MySqlDialect);
 
-            let (columns, partitioned, after_columns, source, assignments) = if self
+            let (columns, partitioned, after_columns, output, source, assignments) = if self
                 .parse_keywords(&[Keyword::DEFAULT, Keyword::VALUES])
             {
-                (vec![], None, vec![], None, vec![])
+                (vec![], None, vec![], None, None, vec![])
             } else {
                 let (columns, partitioned, after_columns) = if !self.peek_subquery_start() {
                     let columns = self.parse_parenthesized_column_list(Optional, is_mysql)?;
@@ -17275,6 +17285,14 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                     Default::default()
                 };
 
+                // MSSQL OUTPUT clause appears between columns and source
+                // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/output-clause-transact-sql
+                let output = if self.parse_keyword(Keyword::OUTPUT) {
+                    Some(self.parse_output(Keyword::OUTPUT, self.get_current_token().clone())?)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                };
+
                 let (source, assignments) = if self.peek_keyword(Keyword::FORMAT)
                     || self.peek_keyword(Keyword::SETTINGS)
                 {
@@ -17285,7 +17303,14 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                     (Some(self.parse_query()?), vec![])
                 };
 
-                (columns, partitioned, after_columns, source, assignments)
+                (
+                    columns,
+                    partitioned,
+                    after_columns,
+                    output,
+                    source,
+                    assignments,
+                )
             };
 
             let (format_clause, settings) = if self.dialect.supports_insert_format() {
@@ -17387,6 +17412,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 has_table_keyword: table,
                 on,
                 returning,
+                output,
                 replace_into,
                 priority,
                 insert_alias,
@@ -17492,6 +17518,15 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         };
         self.expect_keyword(Keyword::SET)?;
         let assignments = self.parse_comma_separated(Parser::parse_assignment)?;
+
+        // MSSQL OUTPUT clause appears after SET, before FROM/WHERE
+        // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/output-clause-transact-sql
+        let output = if self.parse_keyword(Keyword::OUTPUT) {
+            Some(self.parse_output(Keyword::OUTPUT, self.get_current_token().clone())?)
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
         let from = if from_before_set.is_none() && self.parse_keyword(Keyword::FROM) {
             Some(UpdateTableFromKind::AfterSet(
                 self.parse_table_with_joins()?,
@@ -17522,6 +17557,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             from,
             selection,
             returning,
+            output,
             or,
             limit,
         }
diff --git a/tests/sqlparser_common.rs b/tests/sqlparser_common.rs
@@ -530,6 +530,7 @@ fn parse_update_set_from() {
                 ])),
             }),
             returning: None,
+            output: None,
             or: None,
             limit: None
         })
@@ -553,6 +554,7 @@ fn parse_update_with_table_alias() {
             limit: None,
             optimizer_hints,
             update_token: _,
+            output: _,
         }) if optimizer_hints.is_empty() => {
             assert_eq!(
                 TableWithJoins {
diff --git a/tests/sqlparser_mssql.rs b/tests/sqlparser_mssql.rs
@@ -2783,3 +2783,45 @@ fn test_tsql_statement_keywords_not_implicit_aliases() {
         );
     }
 }
+
+// MSSQL OUTPUT clause on INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE
+// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/output-clause-transact-sql
+#[test]
+fn parse_mssql_insert_with_output() {
+    ms_and_generic().verified_stmt(
+        "INSERT INTO customers (name, email) OUTPUT INSERTED.id, INSERTED.name VALUES ('John', 'john@example.com')",
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_mssql_insert_with_output_into() {
+    ms_and_generic().verified_stmt(
+        "INSERT INTO customers (name, email) OUTPUT INSERTED.id, INSERTED.name INTO @new_ids VALUES ('John', 'john@example.com')",
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_mssql_delete_with_output() {
+    ms_and_generic().verified_stmt("DELETE FROM customers OUTPUT DELETED.* WHERE id = 1");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_mssql_delete_with_output_into() {
+    ms_and_generic().verified_stmt(
+        "DELETE FROM customers OUTPUT DELETED.id, DELETED.name INTO @deleted_rows WHERE active = 0",
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_mssql_update_with_output() {
+    ms_and_generic().verified_stmt(
+        "UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 OUTPUT INSERTED.id, DELETED.salary, INSERTED.salary WHERE department = 'Engineering'",
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_mssql_update_with_output_into() {
+    ms_and_generic().verified_stmt(
+        "UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 OUTPUT INSERTED.id, DELETED.salary, INSERTED.salary INTO @changes WHERE department = 'Engineering'",
+    );
+}
diff --git a/tests/sqlparser_mysql.rs b/tests/sqlparser_mysql.rs
@@ -2662,6 +2662,7 @@ fn parse_update_with_joins() {
             limit: None,
             optimizer_hints,
             update_token: _,
+            output: _,
         }) if optimizer_hints.is_empty() => {
             assert_eq!(
                 TableWithJoins {
diff --git a/tests/sqlparser_postgres.rs b/tests/sqlparser_postgres.rs
@@ -5491,6 +5491,7 @@ fn test_simple_postgres_insert_with_alias() {
             has_table_keyword: false,
             on: None,
             returning: None,
+            output: None,
             replace_into: false,
             priority: None,
             insert_alias: None,
@@ -5573,6 +5574,7 @@ fn test_simple_postgres_insert_with_alias() {
             has_table_keyword: false,
             on: None,
             returning: None,
+            output: None,
             replace_into: false,
             priority: None,
             insert_alias: None,
@@ -5653,6 +5655,7 @@ fn test_simple_insert_with_quoted_alias() {
             has_table_keyword: false,
             on: None,
             returning: None,
+            output: None,
             replace_into: false,
             priority: None,
             insert_alias: None,
diff --git a/tests/sqlparser_sqlite.rs b/tests/sqlparser_sqlite.rs
@@ -496,6 +496,7 @@ fn parse_update_tuple_row_values() {
             },
             from: None,
             returning: None,
+            output: None,
             limit: None,
             update_token: AttachedToken::empty()
         })

Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ impl Parser<'_> {`
`218`	`218`	`self.parse_parenthesized_qualified_column_list(IsOptional::Optional, allow_empty)`
`219`	`219`	`}`
`220`	`220`
`221`		`- fn parse_output(`
	`221`	`+ pub(super) fn parse_output(`
`222`	`222`	`&mut self,`
`223`	`223`	`start_keyword: Keyword,`
`224`	`224`	`start_token: TokenWithSpan,`