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lammps-tutorials.tex

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@@ -230,22 +230,23 @@ \section{Introduction}
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simulations, including hybrid MPI-OpenMP parallelization
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and MPI + GPU acceleration (for a subset of its functionality).
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LAMMPS requires users to write detailed input files, a task that
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can be particularly challenging for new users. Although its
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documentation extensively describes all available features~\cite{lammps_docs},
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LAMMPS requires users to write detailed input files, a task that can be
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particularly challenging for new users. Although its documentation
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extensively describes all available features~\cite{lammps_docs},
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navigating it can be challenging. Much of the information may be
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unnecessary for common use cases, and the detailed manual can
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often feel overwhelming. Beyond the intrinsic complexity of LAMMPS, performing accurate
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MS requires several complex, system-specific decisions regarding
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the physics to be modeled, such as selecting the thermodynamic
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unnecessary for common use cases, and the detailed manual can often feel
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overwhelming. Beyond the intrinsic complexity of LAMMPS, performing
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accurate MS requires several complex, system-specific decisions
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regarding the physics to be modeled, such as selecting the thermodynamic
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ensemble (e.g.,~micro-canonical, grand-canonical), determining the
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simulation duration, and choosing the sets of parameters describing the
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interactions between atoms (the so-called force field)
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\cite{wong2016good, van2018validation, prasad2018best}. While these choices are independent of the
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simulation software, they may occasionally be constrained by the
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features available in a given package. The tutorials in this
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article aim to flatten the learning curve and guide users in
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performing accurate and reliable molecular simulations with LAMMPS.
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\cite{wong2016good, van2018validation, prasad2018best}. While these
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choices are independent of the simulation software, they may
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occasionally be constrained by the features available in a given
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package. The tutorials in this article aim to flatten the learning
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curve and guide users in performing accurate and reliable molecular
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simulations with LAMMPS.
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\subsection{Scope}
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@@ -263,11 +264,12 @@ \subsection{Scope}
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In \hyperref[carbon-nanotube-label]{tutorial 2}, a more complex system
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is introduced, where atoms are connected by bonds: a small carbon
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nanotube. The use of both classical and reactive force fields (here,
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OPLS-AA and AIREBO) is illustrated. An external deformation is applied
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to the CNT, and its deformation is measured. This tutorial also
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demonstrates the use of an external tool to visualize breaking bonds,
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and show the possibility to import LAMMPS-generated YAML log files into
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Python.
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OPLS-AA~\cite{jorgensenDevelopmentTestingOPLS1996} and
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AIREBO~\cite{stuart2000reactive}, respectively) is illustrated. An
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external deformation is applied to the CNT, and its deformation is
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measured. This tutorial also demonstrates the use of an external tool
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to visualize breaking bonds, and show the possibility to import
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LAMMPS-generated YAML log files into Python.
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In \hyperref[all-atom-label]{tutorial 3}, two components - liquid water
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(flexible three-point model) and a polymer molecule - are merged and
@@ -280,9 +282,9 @@ \subsection{Scope}
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In \hyperref[sheared-confined-label]{tutorial 4}, an electrolyte is
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confined between two walls, illustrating the specifics of simulating
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systems with fluid-solid interfaces. The tutorial uses a slightly more
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complex water model than \hyperref[all-atom-label]{tutorial 3}: the
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rigid four-point model TIP4P/2005~\cite{abascal2005general}. A
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systems with fluid-solid interfaces. With the rigid four-point
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TIP4P/2005~\cite{abascal2005general} water model, this tutorial uses a
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more complex water model than \hyperref[all-atom-label]{tutorial 3}. A
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non-equilibrium MD is performed by imposing shear on the fluid through
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moving the walls, and the fluid velocity profile is extracted.
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@@ -653,15 +655,16 @@ \subsubsection{My first input}
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\paragraph{Snapshot Image}
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At this point, you can create a snapshot image of the
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current system using the \guicmd{Image Viewer} window, which can be
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accessed by clicking the \guicmd{Create Image} button in the \guicmd{Run} menu.
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The image viewer works by instructing LAMMPS to render an image of the current system using
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its internal rendering library via the \lmpcmd{dump image} command. The
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resulting image is then displayed, with various buttons available to adjust
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the view and rendering style. The image shown in
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Fig.~\ref{fig:LJ} was created this way. This will always capture the current
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state of the system. Save the image for future comparisons.
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At this point, you can create a snapshot image of the current system
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using the \guicmd{Image Viewer} window, which can be accessed by
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clicking the \guicmd{Create Image} button in the \guicmd{Run} menu. The
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image viewer works by instructing LAMMPS to render an image of the
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current system using its internal rendering library via the \lmpcmd{dump
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image} command. The resulting image is then displayed, with various
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buttons available to adjust the view and rendering style. The image
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shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:LJ} was created this way. This will always
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capture the current state of the system. Save the image for future
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comparisons.
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\paragraph{Energy minimization}
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@@ -1211,23 +1214,24 @@ \subsection{Tutorial 2: Pulling on a carbon nanotube}
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In this tutorial, the system of interest is a small, single-walled
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carbon nanotube (CNT) in an empty box (Fig.~\ref{fig:CNT}). The CNT is
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strained by imposing a constant velocity on the edge atoms.
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To illustrate the difference between conventional and reactive force fields, this
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tutorial is divided into two parts: in the first part, a conventional molecular force
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field (called OPLS-AA~\cite{jorgensenDevelopmentTestingOPLS1996}) is
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used and the bonds between the atoms of the CNT are unbreakable. In the
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second part, a reactive force field (called AIREBO
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\cite{stuart2000reactive}) is used, which allows chemical bonds to break under large strain.
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strained by imposing a constant velocity on the edge atoms. To
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illustrate the difference between conventional and reactive force
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fields, this tutorial is divided into two parts: in the first part, a
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conventional molecular force field (called
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OPLS-AA~\cite{jorgensenDevelopmentTestingOPLS1996}) is used and the
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bonds between the atoms of the CNT are unbreakable. In the second part,
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a reactive force field (called AIREBO~\cite{stuart2000reactive}) is
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used, which allows chemical bonds to break under large strain.
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To set up this tutorial, select \guicmd{Start Tutorial 2} from the
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\guicmd{Tutorials} menu of \lammpsgui{} and follow the instructions. This will
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select a folder, create one if necessary, and place several files into it.
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The initial input file, set up for a single-point energy
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\guicmd{Tutorials} menu of \lammpsgui{} and follow the instructions.
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This will select a folder, create one if necessary, and place several
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files into it. The initial input file, set up for a single-point energy
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calculation, will also be loaded into the editor under the name
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\flecmd{unbreakable.lmp}. Additional files are a data file containing the
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CNT topology and geometry, named \flecmd{unbreakable.data}, a parameters file
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named \flecmd{unbreakable.inc}, as well as the scripts required for the second part
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of the tutorial.
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\flecmd{unbreakable.lmp}. Additional files are a data file containing
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the CNT topology and geometry, named \flecmd{unbreakable.data}, a
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parameters file named \flecmd{unbreakable.inc}, as well as the scripts
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required for the second part of the tutorial.
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\begin{figure}
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\centering

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