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@@ -2729,33 +2729,26 @@ \subsection{Tutorial 5: Reactive silicon dioxide}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.55\linewidth]{SIO}
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\caption{A portion of the silicon dioxide structure as simulated during
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\hyperref[reactive-silicon-dioxide-label]{Tutorial 5}. Atoms are colored by their charges.}
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\hyperref[reactive-silicon-dioxide-label]{Tutorial 5}. Atoms are colored by their charges.}
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\label{fig:SIO}
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\end{figure}
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\noindent The objective of this tutorial is to use the reactive force field ReaxFF
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to calculate the partial charges of a system undergoing deformation, as well as
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The objective of this tutorial is to demonstrate how the reactive force field ReaxFF
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can be used to calculate the partial charges of a system undergoing deformation, as well as
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the formation and breaking of chemical bonds \cite{van2001reaxff, zou2012investigation}.
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The system simulated here is a block of silicon dioxide $\text{SiO}_2$ (Fig.\,\ref{fig:SIO})
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that is deformed until rupture. Particular attention is given to the evolution of
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the atomic charges during the deformation of the structure, and the chemical
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reactions occurring due to the deformation are tracked over time.
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The system simulated in this tutorial is a block of silicon dioxide $\text{SiO}_2$ (Fig.\,\ref{fig:SIO})
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which is deformed until it ruptures. Particular attention is paid to the evolution
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of atomic charges during the deformation of the structure, with chemical reactions
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resulting from the deformation being tracked over time.
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\subsubsection{Prepare and relax}
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Create a folder, name it \flrcmd{RelaxSilica/}, and download the initial topology
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of a small amorphous silica structure called
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\href{\filepath tutorial5/silica.data}{\dwlcmd{silica.data}}.
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This structure was created using a classical force field called
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Vashishta \cite{vashishta1990interaction}. If you open the \flecmd{silica.data}
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file, you will see in the Atoms section that all silicon atoms have the same
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charge $q = 1.1\,\text{e}$, and all oxygen atoms have the charge $q = -0.55\,\text{e}$.
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This is common with classical force fields and will change once ReaxFF is used.
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The first action we need to perform here is to relax the structure with ReaxFF,
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which we are gonna do using molecular dynamics. To make sure that the system
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equilibrates nicely, let us track some parameters over time. Create an input
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file called \flecmd{input.lmp} in \flrcmd{RelaxSilica/}, and copy the following
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lines into it:
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which we are gonna do using molecular dynamics. As always, to make sure that the system
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equilibrates nicely, we will us track certain parameters over time. To set up this
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tutorial, select \guicmd{Start Tutorial 5} from the
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\guicmd{Tutorials} menu of LAMMPS--GUI and follow the instructions.
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The editor should display the following content corresponding to \flecmd{relax.lmp}:
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\begin{lstlisting}
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units real
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atom_style full
@@ -2766,8 +2759,18 @@ \subsubsection{Prepare and relax}
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mass O 15.999
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\end{lstlisting}
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So far, the input is very similar to what was seen in the previous tutorials.
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Some basic parameters are defined (\textit{units}, \textit{atom\_style} and \textit{masses}),
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and the \flecmd{.data} file is imported by the \textit{read\_data} command.
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Some basic parameters are defined (\lmpcmd{units}, \lmpcmd{atom\_style} and \lmpcmd{masses}),
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and a \lmpcmd{.data} file is imported by the \lmpcmd{read\_data} command.
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The initial topology given by \href{\filepath tutorial5/silica.data}{\dwlcmd{silica.data}}
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is a small amorphous silica structure. This structure was created using a force field called
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Vashishta \cite{vashishta1990interaction}. If you open the \flecmd{silica.data}
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file, you will find in the \lmpcmd{Atoms} section that all silicon atoms have a
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charge of $q = 1.1\,\text{e}$, and all oxygen atoms have a charge of $q = -0.55\,\text{e}$.
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Assigning the same charge to all atoms of the same type is common with many
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force fields, including the force fields used in the previous tutorials. This
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changes once ReaxFF is used: the charge of each atom will adjust to its local
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environment.
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Now, let us copy three crucial lines into the \flecmd{input.lmp} file:
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\begin{lstlisting}

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